Thematic Appreciation Test And Rorschach Inkbolt Test

Psychology while being a young science has taken over the various aspects of our lives. Psychology is used very liberally ranging from advertisement to job selection. Psychology has various tests that are used independently in order to diagnose and measure the behaviour of an individual. The psychological tests all have various usage and can measure different behaviours or diagnose mental health issues. There are numerous psychological tests and the focus of the paper is on the thematic appreciation test and Rorschach Inkbolt test. The tests are used on myriads of institutions and the popularity of these keep rising. The tests are used for identifying personality traits, canadites for particular roles, checking IQ levels and many more. Thematic appreciation test and the Rorschach Inkbolt test are both part of psychological tests. Both Thematic appreciation test and the Rorschach Inkbolt test are categorized under the projective psychological test. The popularity of thematic appreciat ion test and Rorschach Inkbolt test are very high. The paper will focus on the comparing and contrasting the Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test along with their usage. The projective tests are from a part of the psychological tests. Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test are popular forms of testing. Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test are mainly used to test for personality tests, when presented with the vague images, words and unclear scenes.

Hip Hop Music East Coast, West Coast, Dirty South, and...

The beauty of hip hop is that it is malleable. It is not defined by strict boundaries but by multiple characteristics. Young artist J. Cole (2013) explains this best by stating in an interview, â€Å"I think there’s no rules [in rap]. You can say what you want. That’s your poetic license: to test people’s boundaries.† (p.1) The results of such malleability and the need to experiment within the unwritten boundaries of hip hop are the birth of different styles and sectors/scenes in America. These sectors are represented by the geographic location of the artists and the distinctive sounds and styles that the artists utilize. For years the genre of hip hop was found primarily in the United States in these particular scenes. In the past few years,†¦show more content†¦The streets of the Eastern America cities would birth the most influential and largest hip hop scene. East Coast rap was started in the 1970 through block parties that were hosted in the streets of the Bronx. Young men, usually African Americans, took turns rapping over the beats laid by the deejays. Early artists who hail from New York, including DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa, the Sugarhill Gang, Kurtis Blow, Jam Master Jay, and Run-D.M.C., pioneered East Coast style. The style of most East Coast rappers was characterized by simplistic rhyme pattern laid over aggressive beats, and featured the use of metaphors and complex word play. These characteristics were especially prevalent in the earlier history of hip hop due to the amount of artists who utilized these characteristics. The topic matter of the artist usually ranged from rapping about one’s reputation (money, clothes, and girls) to lyrics dealing with social movements and the state of society. East Coast rap has impacted rap music by providing the basics and the foundation for modern day rap. The artists of this scene have been some of the most successful rappers to ever grace the g enre (such as Notorious BIG, Nas, Jay-Z) and they represent their respective cities with dignity and a sense of hustling in the mostShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesTasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I V E Nucor in 2005 C A S E S I X News Corp in 2005: Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition C A S E S E V E N Shanghai Volkswagen: Implementing project management in the electrical engineering division C A S E E I G H T Television New Zealand: Balancing between commercial and social objectives C A S E N I N E From greenï ¬ eld to graduates: University of the Sunshine Coast C A S E T E N Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there beRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagespondering whether he should do the same. After all, how many hundreds of millions does one man need? But he did not really see himself as an entrepreneur. At his young age, about the same age as Sergey and Larry, he was not ready to retire to some South Sea island and count coconuts. So he stayed, caught up in the challenge of solving tough problems with other smart Googlers.1 Making the brain drain all the more tempting for many of these employees was Google’s hiring of the brightest young peopleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages440 SKILL ASSESSMENT 440 Diagnostic Surveys for Empowering and Delegating Effective Empowerment and Delegation 440 Personal Empowerment Assessment 441 SKILL LEARNING 443 Empowering and Delegating 443 A Management Dilemma Involving Empowerment The Dirty Dozen 444 The Meaning of Empowerment 445 Historical Roots of Empowerment 446 Dimensions of Empowerment 447 Self-Efficacy 447 Self-Determination 448 Personal Consequence 449 Meaning 449 Trust 450 Review of Empowerment Dimensions 451 How to Develop Empowerment

Principals of Financial Market Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Principals of Financial Market Analysis. Answer: Introduction It is essential for the investors to understand the market or company in which he is going to make investment, therefore, the investor must have a good knowledge about the industry trends or a good broker that might help him (Bentes and Navas, 2013). The investor can make use of different analysing techniques when selecting a stock. The two most used techniques used by investors in technical analysis and fundamental analysis. The fundamental analysis is a technique that helps in analysing the most fundamental factors that affects the health of the company. The macro fundamental analysis is the top down approach that comprises of the macro environment where as the micro fundamental analysis entails the micro environment and is known as bottom up approach. When the fundamental analysis is used by any investor he uses two approaches namely macro and micro fundamental approaches (Suresh, 2013). In addition to this, while analysing the micro and macro environment three analyses are examined namely economic analysis, industry analysis and company analysis. All the three analyses are helpful in making beneficial investment related decisions and also provide a good understanding of the economy and industry to the investor (Grimm, 2012). The economic factors that are studied in the fundamental analysis include inflation rate, Growth rate, Domestic Product (GDP), interest rate, unemployment rate and retail sales. The industry analysis includes factors such as growth rate and market size while company analysis includes factors such as balance sheet, cash flow, management and debt statement along with income statement. Bottom up analysis is one of the important fundamental analyses that starts with the reviewing the financial performance of the companies in the particular industry and ends with drawing the opinion of financial performance of industry as a whole. In this report financial performance of Billabong and Globe International has been reviewed and opinion has been on fashion retail sector as a whole. Top-Down Approach Top down approach of Fundamental analysis is also known as macro fundamental analysis that helps in stock selection and investment purpose. The top down approach is the strategy used by investor and starts with analysing the big picture and ends with analysing an individual stock (Lee, Lee and Lee, 2010). The benefit of using top down investment approach is that it focuses on strong sectors for investment. Economic Condition of Australia The economy of Australia has reduced its growth forecast due to fall in the commodity value of commodity (Smyth, 2015). However, later in the year 2015, the economic growth was better than the forecasts. It is analysed by the economists that in the year 2015, the GDP rate in Australia was expected to increase to 1.6 trillion Australian dollars that is, by 2.7% (Reuters, 2015). Moreover, Reserve Bank of Australia forecasted that the economic growth will be 2.50% in 2016 and 3.50% in 2017 (Innes, 2016). In addition to this, according to the data collected from Focus Economic (2016), in 2015, the GDP rate estimated was 1633 billion Australian dollars which might rise by 2.8% in the year 2016. Furthermore, the GDP recorded in 2014 was 1.918 billion Australian Dollars which fell to 1.629 Australian Dollar (Statista, 2015). However, the GDP rate of Australia is expected to flourish in the future and reach 1.95 million Australian Dollar by 2020 (Statista, 2015). From the past few years, it is identified that the value of Australian Dollar is deteriorating and the exchange rate of Australian Dollar is determined as 74.70 cents in 2016. The Reserve Bank of Australia estimated that the interest rate in 2015 will be 2% which is expected to decline at the end of next year to 1.50% (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2015). In addition to this, it is also identified that the interest rate will increase to 3.50% in the future (Trading Economics, 2016). Economists also estimated that in 2015, the inflation rate was recorded to be 1.53% which is also forecasted to increase in the future by 2.49% (Statista, 2015). Along with this, the rate of unemployment is Australia is declining which is estimated to decrease much more by 2020. Moreover, it is identified that there has been employment growth in past five years and half of the population of Australia is employed in occupations such as software and application programmers (55.2%), clothing trades worker emplo y 57.9% and heath care practitioners employ 56.4% people (Australian Government, 2015). As per Budget (2015), more than 250,000 jobs were created between 2014 and 2015 which shows a rising percentage of job holders. Moreover, it is identified that between 2014 and 2015, the service produced by the economy of Australia was approximately 60% of the total GDP worth $ 970 billion (Australian Government, 2015). These services in 2014 and 2015 employed almost 3.1 million people and the output resulted was $ 465 billion that is 29% of the GDP (Australian Government, 2015). Industry for making Investment in Australia The fashion or apparel industry is considered to be a significant industry all over the world. The fashion retailing is an industry that has been the interest for many investors as the fashion sense of consumers is increasing and they are purchasing more fashionable clothes. As per the data collected from Fashion United (), it is revealed that the total population of Australia is 23.5 million people and the local market value of fashion industry is worth $AUD 28.5 billion. Data also reveal that GDP per capital in Australia is $AUD 75,681 and the fashion and textile industry employ approximately 37,000 people. According to Larner (2016) fashion is one of the biggest industries in Australia and the domestic luxury market of Australia alone is worth 2 billion Australian dollars in terms of revenue. The annual growth of fashion industry is considered to be more than 10 % every year. The fashion retail industry in Australia faces intense competition but the increasing fashion trends results in higher revenue. As per IBIS World (2016) between 2015 and 2016, the fashion industry revenue is expected to rise by 3.3% and the main drivers of expansion of fashion industry are expected to be online channels and brick and mortar retailers. The fashion retailing industry is diverse in nature and it is investigated that only 6.3% of the fashion retailers earn more that 2 million Australian dollars while approximately 44% of the retailers generate total revenue between 200,000 dollars and 2 million dollars per year (IBIS World, 2016). Since 2013, the fashion industry in Australia is continuously seeing growth in many aspects. There were 128 brands in Australia in 2013 which has increased to 219 brands in 2015 (Baptist World Aid Australia, 2015). In terms of the level of engagement it is found that in 2013, 54% of the brands were responsive while the percentage has increased in 2015 and at present 75% brands are responsive to their customers (Baptist World Aid Australia, 2015). According to the data collected from Fashion United (2016), it is identified that out of the total population of Australia consumer expends only 3% of his income on clothing and footwear which is worth 28.5 billion Australian Dollars. Moreover, 6.1 billion Australian Dollars are used in import and export of clothing and textile industry. Major Fashion Retailers in Australia The two fashion retailers that will be studied in this section include Billabong International Limited and Globe International Limited. Both of these companies deal in consumer durables and apparel segment and are listed in ASX. Billabong International Limited is a clothing retailer that was found by Gordon and Rena Merchant in 1973 and the company manufactures clothing and accessories such as board shorts, watches and skateboard (Billabong, 2009). In the year 2015, the total revenue generated by the company from continuing operations was recorded to increase by 2.8% to 1,056,130 Australian Dollar (Billabong International Limited, 2015). It is also reported that in 2015, the company achieved strong growth and the brand sales increased by 13.1% (Billabong International Limited1, 2015). On the other hand, Globe International Limited is another Australian company that is considered as an international producer and distributor of footwear, apparels and hand goods for board sports such as wheels, decks and trucks (Globe International, 2016). The company was founded by three Australian brothers known as Hill brothers in the year 1985 and at present the company sell its products in more than 100 countries across the world. The regional revenue accomplished by the company increased by 33% in 2015 whereas, the group revenue recorded was $137.7 million which increased by 32% from 2014 (Globe Corporate, 2015). Along with this, the net profit after tax in 2015 was $3.7 million which was $3.2 million in 2014 (Globe Corporate, 2015). Bottom up Analysis This approach is linked with the investment approach as it is related with making the fundamental analysis of the individual companies that falls in the same industry. To demonstrate this analysis, two companies, Billabong and Globe International has been selected and both these companies are well known in the fashion retail sector of Australia. Analysis of Financial Performance of Billabong and Globe International using the Accounting Ratios Evaluating the companys financial performance using the financial ratios as an interpreting tool helps in making the comparative analysis of the companies belonging in same industry. Liquidity Analysis Liquidity ratios help in assessing the ability of an organization in meeting its shot-term liabilities and its margin of safety. The liquidity ratios compare the liquid assets of an organization with the current liabilities for assessing its position of covering the short-term debt in the event of an emergency condition (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011). The liquidity position of Billabong and Globe International can be analyzed through the following ratios Current Ratio: Current ratio examines the ability of an organization to cover its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. It is calculated by the following formula: Current ratio=Current assets/Current liabilities With the help above financial data and applying the formula it has been found that current ratio of Billabong was 2.20 times in year 2014 and in year 2015 it remains at 2.19 times. It means that Billabong keeps sufficient amount of current assets as compare to current liabilities. On the other hand current ratio of Globe International was 0.77 and 0.72 times in year 2014 and 2015 respectively. It clearly shows that liquidity position of Billabong was quite strong in both the years as compare to Globe International (Morning Star. 2016: Globe International; Billabong). So it can be said that some companies in fashion retail sector of Australia performs outstanding while other are not achieving the normal standards of performance. Quick Assets: Quick Ratio: Quick ratio measures the ability of an organization to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. It is calculated as follows: Quick ratio= (Current assets-inventories)/current liabilities The quick ratio of Billabong was 1.32 times in year 2014 and it increase to 1.35 times in year 2015. Talking about the Globe International it can be said that quick ratio was 0.57 times in year 2014 and got reduced to 0.52 in year 2015. It can be said that solvency position of Globe International was quite adverse in year 2014 as well as in year 2015. They are even meeting the normal standards required in the ratio calculation (Morning Star. 2016: Globe International; Billabong). Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios are used for assessing the ability of an organization to generate earnings in comparison to the expenditure. The ratios measure the ability of an organization to generate earnings in relation to sales, assets and equity (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011. The profitability position of Billabong and Globe International can be analyzed through the following ratios: Net Profit Ratio: Net profit ratio indicates the remaining profit after meeting all the operational cost involved in production, administration and financing. It demonstrates the relationship between the net profit after tax and net sales. It can be calculated as follows: Net Profit Ratio=Net Profit after tax/Net Sales The profitability position of Billabong showing negative net profit ratio of 20.84 % in year 2014 and it was 0.39 % in year 2015. It reflects very poor performance of Billabong in both the years. The profitability position of Globe International was very sound as net profit ratio in both years was quite high as compare to industry standards. The net profit ratio of Globe International was 12.68 % in year 2014 and 13.29 % in year 2015(Morning Star. 2016: Globe International; Billabong). Return on Equity: Return on equity denotes the net income realized by an organization on shareholders equity. It provides an insight into the efficiency of an organization to generate income from the shareholders funds. It analyses organization profitability by measuring the generation of profit with each dollar of shareholders equity. The ROE ratio is calculated by the following formula: ROE=Net Income/Shareholders equity Globe International earns return of 27 % on the total equity in both the years. Whereas, profitability position of Billabong was adverse in both the years as return of equity shows negative figures in each case (Morning Star. 2016: Globe International; Billabong). Capital Efficiency Ratio Capital efficiency ratios depict the relationship between the expenditure of an organization on the funds used for manufacturing of goods or service (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011. The capital efficiency of Billabong and Globe International can be analyzed through calculating the following ratios: Debt equity ratio: Debt equity ratio is indicative of the debts used by an organization to finance its assets in comparison to the use of shareholders equity. It measures the financial leverage of an organization and demonstrates the proportion of debt and equity in its capital structure. It is calculated as follows: Debt equity ratio: Total Liabilities/ Stockholders equity On calculation it has been found that debt equity ratio of Billabong was 0.79 in year 2014 and it increase to 0.92 in year 2015. In case of Globe International the debt equity was 1.08 in both years 2014 and 2015. It can be said that both companies are highly leveraged as depend more on debt capital as compare to equity capital (Morning Star. 2016: Globe International; Billabong). Equity Ratio: Equity ratio measures the proportion of total assets that are financed by an organization with owners funds. It is a solvency ratio that measures the leverage used by a company by comparing the assets that are financed with shareholder funds as opposed to creditors. The equity ratio is calculated as follows: Equity ratio=total liabilities/total shareholders equity Equity ratio of Billabong was 35.91 % in year 2014 and there was no change in this ratio in year 2015. While in case of Globe International the equity ratio was 30.38 % and 30.35 % in year 2014 and 2015 respectively. It clearly shows that both the companies use debt capital as the major source of finance (Morning Star. 2016: Globe International; Billabong). Market Efficiency Ratio The efficiency ratio is used for analyzing the effectiveness of an organization to use its assets and liabilities internally (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011. The efficiency ratio is used for measuring the turnover obtained from companys receivables and general use of inventory and machinery. The market efficiency of Billabong and Globe International can be analyzed as follows: Earnings per Share (EPS): Earning per share of a company indicates the profitability position by measuring its profit with each outstanding share of common stock. It indicates the monetary value of companys earnings and thus is an indicator of its profitability position. The EPS can be calculated as follows: EPS=Net Income-Preferred Dividends/Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding Earning per share of Billabong was negative 1.43 dollar in year 2014 and it increased to 0.02 in year 2015. In case of Globe International it was 98.41 pound per share in year 2014 and 119.92 pound per share in year 2015. It shows higher market efficiency of Globe International as compare to Billabong (Morning Star. 2016: Globe International; Billabong). Conclusion Fundamental analysis is a valuable approach that helps the investor to make an appropriate choice of stock which helps them in making profit. From the overall discussion, it is revealed that the GDP rate in Australia saw a downfall in 2015 but it is expected to rise in future and presents a scope of investment for the investors. Moreover, the inflation rate and interest rates are also in favour of the investors as they represent that the economy of Australia will continue to emerge and have immense growth prospects. The fashion industry is considered as the most significant industry for stock purchase and investment as the fashion sense of the people is increasing. It is identified that fashion industry is a diverse industry and provides wide range of opportunities for investors. Two major fashion companies that are examined in this report are Billabong and Global Internationals which shows that investing in these companies can be beneficial. It is recommended that the fashion industry should integrate the ecommerce medium which can boost the sales and help the companies and retailers in making huge profits (Bowen and Ozuem, 2014). Other than this, the companies are also recommended that they should use social media channel to promote their products and services as it helps in reaching a wide range of customers and make global presence. Along with this, it is identified that implementing more than one channel helps to reach mass consumers and if any one channel is inefficient than the other social media platform will surely gain the attention from the consumers (Tuten and Solomon, 2014). The most used social media sites that should be used by the fashion retailers include Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn, and YouTube. Using quality pictures can enhance the quality of the message and writing short messages are effective to way to influence consumers. Thus, implementing these suggestions can definitely help the fashion retailers to increase their profitability and sustainability. It is highly suggested to Billabong to decrease their cost of good sold expenses in order to increase the net profit and it is also suggested to finance the asset through use of equity as a major source of finance. References Australian Government. 2015. Australian Industry Report 2015. Office of the Chief Economist. Baptist World Aid Australia. 2015. The Australian Fashion Report 2015: The Truth Behinf Barcode. ABC News. Bentes, S.R. and Navas, R. 2013. The Fundamental Analysis: An Overview. Int. J Latest Trends Fin. Eco. Sc. 3(1), pp. 389-393. Billabong International Limited. 2015. Financial report ended 30 June 2015. [Online]. Available at: file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/Preliminary%20Final%20Report%20%20Full%20Year%20Statutory%20Accounts.pdf [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Billabong International Limited1. 2015. ASX ANNOUNCEMENT BILLABONG INTERNATIONAL LIMITED RESULTS FOR THE FULL YEAR TO 30 JUNE 2015. [Online]. Available at: file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/Billabong%20International%20Limited%20FY15%20Media%20Release.pdf [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Billabong. 2009. History. [Online]. Available at: https://us.billabong.com/blog/post/history [Accessed on: 16 September 2016]. Bowen, G. and Ozuem, W. 2014. Computer-Mediated Marketing Strategies: Social Media and Online Brand Communities: Social Media and Online Brand Communities. IGI Global. Budget. 2015. Economic Outlook. Australian Government. Fabozzi, F.J. and Markowitz, H.M. 2011. The Theory and Practice of Investment Management: Asset Allocation, Valuation, Portfolio Construction, and Strategies. John Wiley Sons. Fashion United. 2016. Fashion industry statistics Australia. [Online]. Available at: https://au.fashionunited.com/fashion-industry-statistics-australia [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Focus Economics. 2016. Australia Economic Outlook. [Online]. Available at: https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/australia [Accessed on: 16 September 2016]. Globe Corporate. 2015. Annual Report 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.globecorporate.com/pdfs/2015ar.pdf [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Globe International. 2016. About. [Online]. Available at: https://www.globecorporate.com/index.html [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Grimm, R.C. 2012. Fundamental Analysis as a Traditional Austrian Approach to Common Stock Selection. The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 15(2), pp. 221-236. IBIS World. 2016. Clothing Retailing in Australia: Market Research Report. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=407 [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Innes, C.M. 2016. GDP growth slows in Q2. Focus Economics. Larner, D.P. 2016. Fashion is a big business in Australia but you wouldn't know it from the news. The Guardian. Lee, C.F., Lee, A.C. and Lee, J. 2010. Handbook of Quantitative Finance and Risk Management. Springer Science Business Media. Morning Star. 2016: Billabong. [Online]. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=BLLAF [Accessed on: 24 September,2016]. Morning Star. 2016: Globe International. [Online]. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=BLLAF [Accessed on: 24 September,2016]. Reserve Bank of Australia. 2015. Statement by Glenn Stevens, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2015/mr-15-23.html [Accessed on: 16 September 2016]. Reuters. 2015. Australia's GDP expected to increase by 2.7 per cent in 2015: Survey. The Economic Times. Smyth, J. 2015. Australia downgrades economic forecasts. The Financial Times. Statista. 2015. Australia: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars). [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/263573/gross-domestic-product-gdp-of-australia/ [Accessed on: 16 September 2016]. Statista. 2015. Australia: Inflation rate from 2010 to 2020 (compared to the previous year). [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/271845/inflation-rate-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 16 September 2016]. Suresh, A.S. 2013. A study on fundamental and technical analysis. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services Management Research 2(5), pp. 44-59. Trading Economics. 2016. Australia Interest Rate. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/interest-rate/forecast [Accessed on: 16 September 2016]. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R. 2014. Social Media Marketing. SAGE.

Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy Essay Example

Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy Paper Discuss the role of financial markets in a modern market economy. Explain the role and function of the share market and its effect on the economy. The financial market is the most influential sector in a modern market economy. The financial markets provide products to consumers and financial intermediaries allow for the mobilization of money between savers and borrowers. The share market is the financial market in which investors buy and sells shares. The share market’s main function in the economy is to allow consumers to attain part-ownership of a company and further their wealth and in effect provide funds for businesses for expansion. The main effects the share market has on the economy is its ability to reallocate resources and mirror overall economic growth. The financial services industry is one of the largest industries in Australia and its actions influence all other sectors due to its vital role in the economy. Financial markets are so significant as they create products for consumers also serve to provide a return for the producers. In essence, this allows for those who have excess funds to make these funds available to those who need additional money. Furthermore, the most influential institution in the financial sector are financial intermediaries who are those organizations that allow for the mobilization of money. These firms create a bridge between borrowers and savers in that they receive accumulated funds from individuals or firms and then allow for other firms and individuals to borrow and make use of that money. Financial markets are also the factor markets for capital in the market economy because capital must be acquired by businesses to produce goods and services. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The economy’s productive capacity heavily impacts the ability of the economy to grow in the long term and thus capital investment is vital for the modern market economy. Financial markets provide an efficient process by which income that is not used for consumption can still contribute to aggregate demand. Savings from consumers, businesses and governments can be used for future consumption but also capital investment, which consequently increases the productive capacity of the economy. The share market is the financial market in which investors buy and sells shares, which are financial assets that give a person part-ownership of a company. The share market plays an important role in the Australian economy because businesses can sell shares in their companies to raise funds needed for growth and to provide individuals with dividends, which contributes to their disposable income. The role and functioning of the share market in the larger modern market can be seen from the perspective of the shareholders and the companies. For investors, the share market provides the opportunity for consumers to become part-owners of a business and thus are entitled to returns due to the risk they assume by investing in the business, these profits are known as dividends. As the company grows the value of the company increases and thus its share price will consequently increase. In such a situation, shareholders may decide to sell their shares to make a profit which is known as capital gains as they are selling assets at a price above the level originally paid for. However, the risks of being a shareholder are high as the company may lose money and thus dividends are reduced and the investor will not be able to make capital gains. There is an extremely high level of share ownership by the Australian public which increases the share markets role in the market economy. Currently, many people rely on the profits made from shares as their income and more significantly for their retirement. On the other hand, for a company the share market provides the opportunity for the business to increase its funds to keep as retained profit or allow for the expansion of the business. When a company first lists its business on the ASX it is called a float. Once the company has been listed it can access further equity funds at any time by issuing an approved prospectus for the release of new shares. However, issuing new shares reduces the control existing shareholders have over the company as they own a smaller proportion. The sale of new share is a primary financial market transaction whilst an existing shareholder selling their shares is a secondary financial market transaction. By allowing both types of share trades the ASX is in effect both a primary and secondary financial market. Changes in the share market have large impact on the operations of a company. A company’s share price is determined by the price mechanism and thus if demand is low the company’s value will decrease however if demand is high, the company’s value will increase and thus provide benefits to the company itself and its shareholders. When individual businesses prosper it provides greater ability for the Australian economy to grow as it is heavily reliant on the growth of individual businesses to facilitate overall economic growth. The share market has extensive effects on the economy and it is an indicator of a country’s economic conditions. Rising share prices suggest that the economy is experiencing favourable economic conditions as market prices rise in accordance to better economic prospects for companies. The relationship between general economic conditions and share values can be seen in the following graph which shows that fluctuations in the share market mirror changes in economic growth A downturn or upturn in the share market can be measured in the All Ordinaries Index, which measures the overall value of companies listed on the ASX. By comparing the AOI with changes in the economy’s growth rate we see that the share market generally rises and falls similarly to economic growth. However, the share market is much less stable and thus small changes in economic growth consequent in much larger changes in share values. The share market also affects the market through its ability to reallocate resources to different sectors in the economy. Those companies and sectors with the best growth prospects will be able to acquire additional funds most effectively and thus will raise the most funds when floated. In such a way share prices will be higher for firms in industries that shareholders expect will experience growth and thus the share market will raise the medium-term growth prospects of an economy. However, the main issue with using the share market as a guide to the state of the economy is that not all share purchases are based on a rational belief by the shareholder that the industry’s future prospects are solid. Many purchases are speculative, which means that shares are bought with intention of being resold within a short period. These investors are not buying with the intention of long-term capital gain, rather, short-term. The major problem with this sort of investment is that speculators base their investment on the ‘hype’ of the market, rather than the real profitability of the firm. This has the potential to see share prices that are overvalued, drawing further investment and leading to the misallocation of resources.

Reduce the Amount of Junk Mail You Receive by 90%

Reduce the Amount of Junk Mail You Receive by 90% If you’re interested in living a more eco-friendly lifestyle, heres something you can do that will help protect the environment and preserve your sanity: reduce the amount of junk mail you receive by 90 percent. According to information from sources such as the Center for a New American Dream (CNAD;  a Maryland-based nonprofit organization that helps people consume responsibly to protect the environment, enhance quality of life, and promote social justice) reducing the amount of junk mail you receive will save energy, natural resources, landfill space, tax dollars, and a lot of your personal time. For example: 5.6 million tons of catalogs and other direct mail advertisements end up in U.S. landfills annually.The average American household receives unsolicited junk mail equal to 1.5 trees every year- more than 100 million trees for all U.S. households combined.44 percent of junk mail is thrown away unopened, but only half that much junk mail (22 percent) is recycled.Americans pay $370 million annually to dispose of junk mail that doesn’t get recycled.On average, Americans spend 8 months opening junk mail in the course of their lives. Register Your Name to Reduce Junk Mail OK, now that you’ve decided to reduce the volume of junk mail you receive, how do you go about it? Start by registering with the Mail Preference Service of the Direct Marketing Association (DMA). It won’t guarantee you a life free of junk mail, but it can help. DMA will list you in its database in the â€Å"Do Not Mail† category. Direct marketers are not required to check the database, but most companies that send large volumes of bulk mail do use the DMA service. They realize there is no percentage in routinely sending mail to people who don’t want it and have taken action to prevent it. Get Off Junk Mail Lists You can also go to OptOutPreScreen.com, which can enable you to remove your name from lists that mortgage, credit card, and insurance companies use to mail you offers and solicitations. It’s a centralized website run by the four major credit bureaus in the United States: Equifax, Experian, Innovis, and TransUnion. Most businesses check with one or more of these companies before accepting your credit card or granting you credit for a long-term purchase. They are also a huge source of names and addresses for credit card, mortgage and insurance companies that routinely send junk mail to attract new customers and solicit new business. But there’s a way to fight back. The federal Fair Credit Reporting Act requires credit bureaus to delete your name from their rented lists if you make the request. Contact Companies That Send You Junk Mail If you’re serious about ridding your life of as much junk mail as possible, then simply registering with these services may not leave enough space in your mailbox. In addition, you should ask all of the companies you patronize to place your name on their â€Å"do not promote† or â€Å"in-house suppress† lists. If you do business with a company by mail, it should be on your contact list. That includes magazine publishers, any companies that send you catalogs, credit card companies, etc. It’s best to make this request the first time you do business with a company, because it will prevent them from selling your name to other organizations, but you can make the request at any time. Keep Track of Your Name to See How Junk Mail is Generated As an extra precaution, some organizations recommend that you track where companies are getting your name by using a slightly different name whenever you subscribe to a magazine or begin a new mail relationship with a company. One strategy is to give yourself a fictional middle initials that match the name of the company. If your name is Jennifer Jones and you subscribe to Vanity Fair, simply give your name as Jennifer V.F. Jones, and ask the magazine not to rent your name. If you ever receive a piece of junk mail from other companies addressed to Jennifer V.F. Jones, you’ll know where they got your name. If this all still seems a bit daunting, there are resources to help you get through it. One option is to use stopthejunkmail.com, which can provide further assistance or guidelines for reducing junk mail and other intrusions, from unwanted e-mail (spam) to telemarketing calls. Some of these services are free while others charge an annual fee. So do yourself and the environment a favor. Keep the junk mail out of your mailbox and out of the landfill. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

Rare Earth Elements (Metals) - List

Rare Earth Elements (Metals) - List This is a list of rare earth elements (REEs), which are a special group of metals. Key Takeaways: List of Rare Earth Elements The rare earth elements (REEs) or rare earth metals (REMs) are a group of metals found within the same ores and possessing similar chemical properties.Scientists and engineers disagree on exactly which element should be included in a list of the rare earths, but they generally include the fifteen lanthanide elements, plus scandium and yttrium.Despite their name, the rare earths arent actually rare with respect to abundance in the Earths crust. The exception is promethium, a radioactive metal. The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and IUPAC list the rare earths as consisting of the lanthanides, plus scandium and yttrium. This includes atomic number 57 through 71, as well as 39 (yttrium) and 21 (scandium): Lanthanum (sometimes considered a transition metal)CeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumScandiumYttrium Other sources consider the rare earths to be the lanthanides and actinides: Lanthanum (sometimes considered a transition metal)CeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumActinium (sometimes considered a transition metal)ThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrencium Classification of Rare Earths The classification of the rare earth elements is as hotly disputed as the list of included metals. One common method of classification is by atomic weight. Low atomic weight elements are the light rare earth elements (LREEs). Elements with high atomic weight are the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Elements that fall between the two extremes are the middle rare earth elements (MREEs). One popular system categorizes atomic numbers up to 61 as LREEs and those higher than 62 as HREEs (with the middle range absent or up to interpretation). Summary of Abbreviations Several abbreviations are used in connection with the rare earth elements: RE: rare earthREE: rare earth elementREM: rare earth metalREO: rare earth oxideREY: rare earth element and yttriumLREE: light rare earth elementsMREE: middle rare earth elementsHREE: heavy rare earth elements Rare Earth Uses In general, the rare earths are used in alloys, for their special optical properties, and in electronics. Some specific uses of elements include: Scandium: Use to make light alloys for the aerospace industry, as a radioactive tracer, and in lampsYttrium: Used in yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers, as a red phosphor, in superconductors, in fluorescent tubes, in LEDs, and as a cancer treatmentLanthanum: Use to make high refractive index glass, camera lenses, and catalystsCerium: Use to impart a yellow color to glass, as a catalyst, as a polishing powder, and to make flintsPraseodymium: Used in lasers, arc lighting, magnets, flint steel, and as a glass colorantNeodymium: Used to impart violet color to glass and ceramics, in lasers, magnets, capacitors, and electric motorsPromethium: Used in luminous paint and nuclear batteriesSamarium: Used in lasers, rare earth magnets, masers, nuclear reactor control rodsEuropium: Used to prepare red and blue phosphors, in lasers, in fluorescent lamps, and as an NMR relaxantGadolinium: Used in lasers, x-ray tubes, computer memory, high refractive index glass, NMR relaxation, neutron capture, MRI contrast Terbium: Use in green phosphors, magnets, lasers, fluorescent lamps, magnetostrictive alloys, and sonar systemsDysprosium: Used in hard drive disks, magnetostrictive alloys, lasers, and magnetsHolmium: Use in lasers, magnets, and calibration of spectrophotometersErbium: Used in vanadium steel, infrared lasers, and fiber opticsThulium: Used in lasers, metal halide lamps, and portable x-ray machinesYtterbium: Used in infrared lasers, stainless steel, and nuclear medicineLutetium: Used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans, high refractive index glass, catalysts, and LEDs Sources Brownlow, Arthur H. (1996). Geochemistry. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0133982725.Connelly, N. G. and T. Damhus, ed. (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations 2005. With R. M. Hartshorn and A. T. Hutton. Cambridge: RSC Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85404-438-2.Hammond, C. R. (2009). Section 4; The Elements. In David R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 89th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis.JÃ ©brak, Michel; Marcoux, Eric; Laithier, Michelle; Skipwith, Patrick (2014). Geology of mineral resources (2nd ed.). St. Johns, NL: Geological Association of Canada. ISBN 9781897095737.Ullmann, Fritz, ed. (2003). Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 31. Contributor: Matthias Bohnet (6th ed.). Wiley-VCH. p. 24. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Assignment 2 - Essay Example ng, investigating and comprehending concepts for the main objective of concept advancement, description, contrasting, explanation, classification, modification and substantiation. Conceptual analysis is further a course of investigation that delves into concepts for their stage of advancement as portrayed by their interior framework, applications and interaction to other concepts. In fact, conceptual analysis outlines the center for supplying definitions of abstract concepts. It has varied standing in learning. From the time when it was introduced in learning, it was clear that it is a fundamental tool for advancement of theory. However, it is clear that conceptual analysis is complicated. It is evident that it does not provide clear means to contribute to further theoretical knowledge (Sowa, 2006). Conceptual analysis does not provide significant theoretical foundation of learning. In reference to Sowa (2006), it is a random and an informal process that constrains the development of science. It can lead to huge worry and anxiety for the reason that there are no strict rules on how to conduct the process of conceptual analysis. This means that researchers can fail to determine the best way to carry out the whole process that includes going through large mass of literature. Due to the fact that conceptual analysis has an easy attribute, the work at the end of the process is associated with poor quality. It is clear that conceptual analysis requires a lot of thorough work, patience and elevated levels of cognitive abilities which many researchers lack, thereby lowering the quality of the end result. Conceptual analysis may lead to a value attachment, thereby moralising the concept in analysis in case there are any values attached. This may bar the analytic process and destroy the entire research. On the other hand, concept critical thinking lacks a moral feature and value attachment turns out to be useless in the current analysis. There is a desire to increase

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Corporate finance - Essay Example The important role of SMBs is evident when the economies of the developing nations are considered. SMBs contribute greatly to the gross domestic product in a country, entrepreneurial skill development, generation of employment and innovation to many developing economies. In light of this, the paper will critically analyze the various sources of financing for small and medium scale businesses Due to the good impact of SMBs in the economy of a country, support schemes and programs have been put forth in institutions by some of the developed and developing countries so as to support them (Prasad, C. 2004). This support includes offering loans, expert counseling on the types of credit so as to avoid credit risk, advice and legal assistance on exports by the government of the United States of America through small business administration. For instance, in the late 80s the Nigerian Government established the Entrepreneur Development Programme through the National Directorate of Employment, the objective of this policy was to reduce unemployment level through providing an opportunity for individuals to acquire entrepreneur skills. Further they would be able to secure loans for themselves so that they can start their own small and medium scale enterprises (Dinesh, 2003). Another case was in Mexico whereby the Mexican Development Fund was established so as to provide an arrangem ent of finance to aid agricultural activities. Despite such efforts, investigations reveal that the SMBs are still facing major challenges. Some of the SMBs cannot easily access funds thus posing a major threat to their existence in terms of growth and survival. Ekpenyong and Nyong (1992) states that in some countries like Ghana for example, financial schemes have been launched. They include Micro-finance, venture capitalist trust, and small loan centers among others. Others are export development, Investment Funds and

Review of Michael vey Essay Example for Free

Review of Michael vey Essay The book I read was Michael Vey The Prisoner Of Cell 25 by Richard Paul Evans. This book was an action, adventure based young-adult fiction and it is based in modern day California. It revolves around a boy named Michael Vey and his two friends Ostin and Taylor. While Michael might seem like a loser to people because he is skinny and does not talk much he actually is the most powerful being on earth. He can transmit electricity through anything that can conduct it including humans! The book is mainly about how Michael has powers and has to hide them until his mother is abducted and he goes to find her but also finds out about other kids like him and there is this organization that uses them in a plan to control the world. The adventure is mostly told through the point of view of Michael but occasionally switches to a 3rd person view of the whole surrounding. I think that the author forges sentences that put you in the room and make you feel the pain and the frustration of the characters. The author perfectly mixes the real world with the abnormal events that happen to Michael Vey. The author starts out with a mysterious call between two men talking about blowing up a commercial airliner, which automatically sucks the reader into the book. It then transitions to the story of this boy named Michael Vey and while it all might seem perfectly normal the author then throws a curveball and introduce the powers that this boy possesses. The thing that I did not like is how he stalled the story after that. He introduced the fact that this skinny 14 year old kid can fry a person by simply touching them and then goes on to describe his boring day at school. Who does that? Although it annoyed me at first I was grateful that Richard Paul Evans (the author) did that with the story. If he did not we would have never met Taylor the crush in Michaels life. Who we later find out has the ability to reboot someones brain like a computer and can also read  someone’s mind. Then when he has introduced every-thing he takes a sharp turn into a different direction by having Michael’s mother and Taylor kidnapped by the Antagonist, and then begins the intense series of events. I like how the author controls the mood in this book. Initially the mood is very calm and it is unemotional eases you into the story. Then the mood changes rapidly for the rest of the story especially after Michael’s mother is kidnapped changes into an intense series of thrilling events kidnaps his mother. I would say that depending on the scene the author would either use a calm but sympathetic tone or and intense and aggressive tone He uses imagery a lot in his book when he describes different parts of the building structure that they are trapped in or he will depict an emotion that a character is feeling to an extent that you can relate to. For example when the antagonist puts Michael into a cell and manipulates his fears you really can see that play out in your mind. I think that in this book at least for me there were no boring slow parts. I just wanted to read more which is strange because usually all books have slow parts but this author mixes the right amount of suspense into each part that you want to find out what will happen next whether it is when the character and his mother are just talking or the character is in the rage of battle. This book reminded me of another amazing book with the same concepts. I can relate this to another book I read called Daniel X. I can relate because like Michael Vey prisoner of cell 25 Daniel X Keeps the world around the character normal while only making the events that happen to the character a sequence of abnormal events. Another book I can relate it to would be Max by James Patterson. I think that the author creates a perfect blend between past and present personal conflicts. He incorporates the setting by describing it vividly to the reader but also describes the characters reaction to the setting change so that the reader can relate to the characters feelings. I think that this work is a very well put together book. Even though In the earlier questions I make it sound like a ten on ten this book is not. I rate this book a 9/10 for the soul reason that it was on a very directed path and you could the events that were going to happen before they did by just reading the book. Even the twist that the author put in were not that book which made some of the book predictable and who really wants a book in which they know everything that is going to happen. In this book I had a lot of moments of truly being astonished by the characters views and what they would say. The line that meant the most to me in this book was when The Antagonist had given Michael Vey an ultimatum of either killing a innocent man or letting his mother die. Michael’s response to this was, â€Å"My mother would rather die then see me become a murderer† I liked this because it showed both the justice and willpower of Michael. I say this because I know for a fact that I would have killed that man because even if it would be the wrong thing to do I would take his life for my happiness. This was an amazing book and even though I did not want it to finish I enjoyed the ending greatly I think that I would give the ending of this book a 10/10 because it was an amazing way to finish of the book in such a way that there can be a sequel but it also did not end it happily. I say this because even though him. In conclusion I think that this book is a 10/10. Maybe I am being too kind but I really enjoyed it. Like all books it had its slow parts but even those were page-turners and they built up to the best parts of the book. I think that the character Michael Vey himself was very well made and even though he had superpowers he had his quirks, which made the book more relatable and fun to read.

Should Physcian-Assisted Suicide be Legal :: essays research papers

Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Legal? Terminally ill patients should have the legal option of physician-assisted suicide. Terminally ill patients deserve the right to control their own death. Legalizing assisted suicide would relive families of the burdens of caring for a terminally ill relative. Doctors should not be prosecuted for assisting in the suicide of a terminally ill patient. We as a society must protect life, but we must also recognize the right to a humane death. When a person is near death, in unbearable pain, they have the right to ask a physician to assist in ending their lives. 40 percent of Americans say they would consider committing suicide if they were in severe pain, suffering from an incurable disease. 40 percent of Americans also say they would help a family member, in the same situation, kill them selves. But only 12 percent say they thought of killing them selves. In 1950, fewer than four in ten Americans supported physician-assisted suicide. Today seven in ten support it. Some people think that people who are in mental anguish are going to be able to get a physician to assist in their suicide. This should not and will not happen, because they are not terminally ill and are able to be treated with therapy. There are problems with the title â€Å"Terminally ill patient† but there is a way to fix it. We must change the definition for â€Å"A Terminally ill patient† to: having an expected life span under 3 months, there is absolutely no way of helping the patient and are doomed to die. But a patient has to suffering from severe pain and be terminally ill to be able to get a physician to assist in their suicide. Although widely condoned around the world, only one nation, the Netherlands has made physician assisted suicide legal. Five states tried Washington in 1991, California in 1992, Michigan in 1998,and main in 2000, Oregon in 1994 approved the â€Å"Death with Dignity Act† it won 51 percent to 49 percent. 91 people committed suicide with the aid of a physician in the first four years the law was in effect. The approach of physician-assisted suicide respects an individual’s need for personal dignity. It does not force the terminally ill patient to linger hopelessly, and helplessly, often at great cost to their psyche. It drive’s people mad knowing they are going to die in a short period of time, suffering while they wait in a hospital bed.

Mill individuality essay Essay

Within Mill’s ‘On Liberty’ it is clear that he has a high regard for the issues surrounding freedom and it’s limits. Mill is an advocate of negative freedom, as a liberal he believes that there should be no restraints on an individual’s freedom unless it is hindering the freedom or health of another person. One of the main reasons as to why Mill values liberty is because it contributes to personal development. Thus Mill argues that in order for individuals to develop they should be able to perform ‘experiments’ in living’, which allow individuals to go through a system of trial and error until they find their own appropriate way of life. Moreover, experiments in living are beneficial to society as they provide a different way of living different from that of custom and help tackle the tyranny of public opinion. Thus it can therefore be argued that Mill’s account on personal liberty does in fact ensure the development of society and the individual. The first way in which Mill’s account of freedom ensures the development of the individual and society, is that it promotes the truth. The link between personal freedom and truth is one of vital importance to Mill. Personal liberty allows people to come to opinions and ideas that that they can then go and share and spread with other individuals. Thus creating a pluralist society whereby ideas are tolerated, by virtue of them being expressed. In order to create such a society ‘geniuses’ are needed to introduce new ways of thinking into society and to challenge the old ways of life. For such people to exist we need freedom in society to practice our individuality. Mill states that even if an opinion or individual lifestyle is false or offensive it should be allowed to be expressed, as it will have strengthen the true opinion or right way of life and allow those holding that opinion to have greater faith in it. For example, a scientist needs the freedom to experiment in order to discover new truths about the natural world and share these ideas with the rest of humanity. However, should we express discoveries that are wrong? Surely this would be a waste or time. Mill would argue that because even false options have value, we should allow them to be expressed. A false discovery could spur on others to be clearer about what the truth might be, it could even be a step that we take to discover the real truth. Mill does not think that once truth or a good way of individuality is discovered, we should remain complacent with it. This would allow society to become stagnant and proven truths could develop into custom. This would therefore be detrimental to human individuality as individuals will become ‘sheeps’ and follow custom blindly. Custom does not educate or improve an individual’s well being, indeed Mill argues that ‘he who does anything but follow custom, makes no choice’ Mill’s solution to this is to revisit and reconsider truths, so that they remain lively. It is also true that by not reconsidering customs and public opinions, they could come to rule society, resulting in a ‘mediocre’ society. Only if there is individual freedom, we can avoid truths becoming ‘dead dogma’. If personal liberty did not exist, society would become stagnant and individuals would not question the ways of life around them, meaning that neither society nor individual develop. It is therefore vital to have personal freedom so that individuals are allowed to question ways of life and society can develop. Mill also believes that personal freedom is important because it promotes individuals with a means to develop on a personal level. Mill believes without ‘experiments in living’ human beings lose what it means to he truly human. In order to be truly human, an individual needs to interpret and adapt the experiences of others and themselves to suit their own moral codes. Individually is the development and expression of ones own character, as opposed to going along with customs and traditions imposed on society from previous generations. Mill illustrated this himself in the example he gives about Christianity, arguing that the Christian moral system cannot be derived from the New Testament alone, there are also ideas from the Old Testament. This therefore implies that much like the Christian tradition, individuals should derive their own individuality from previous experiences, however experiment with it so that it is their own private morality. Mill approvingly quotes the German politician Von Humboldt who argues that each persons vision of morality ‘is the most harmonious development of his powers to complete a consistent whole’. Each persons powers are different, as are there desires and emotions which need to be developed to be ‘complete and consistent’. Therefore each persons development is individual to them, thus following custom or public opinion stagnates their individual growth, as they are nit experimenting their faculties. However, it would be easy to criticise this, what if someone else’s individuality and experiments in living interfere or undermine my way of experimenting. Mill would simply apply his ‘harm principle’ to such a situation. As long as my way of life does not harm or infringe on other peoples rights and their own freedom then I am allowed to act on any way that pleases me. It can be argued that such a restraint protects society from damaging behaviour but also improves me as a person as I am not indulging in selfish acts. Indeed it is beneficial to society to have eccentricity, because without it, it can be argued that people will become submissive, weak willed and without strong opinions. Society will lose it means to progressing further. Mill talks about this to am extent in his chapter on democracy. He argues that in order for society to develop we need ‘two opposing parties’, one that is defined by tradition and pragmatism and the other by social progress. However, it can be argued that by giving people the means to be eccentrics you are threatening social order and putting society at whole at a risk ( the opposite of what Mill says his theory does). However , like most problems that surround the idea of negative liberty, mill would argue that as long as the experiment in living is within the limits of the harm principle them it should be allowed. This personal liberty not only provides people with a means to experiment their own ways of living, but also allows society to flourish as eccentricity and geniuses (provided by liberty) can enlighten individuals and governments into new ways of living. Furthermore, to treat human beings with no individuality and not provide them with a means of experimenting in their living, is to assume that they are all the same. Mill argues that we are all different in our desires and in what will make us happy. Imposing a specific lifestyle on all members of society would be like treating an orchid, sunflower and cactus all in the same way. The conditions in which the orchids thrive could kill the sunflower. Much like plants, human beings differ too much to attempt to make all members of society conform to one model of the good life. However, speaking from a Marxist perspective we could argue that human beings should only focus on ‘need satisfaction’. This would mean that all individuals have the same needs such as food, water and shelter. Marx argued that in order to live a true human existence, human beings should focus on satisfying those needs equally. Therefore, Mill’s argument that individuals are different would prove to be invalid to Marx. Although Marx makes a valid point, it would be in cohesive to argue that all human beings do actually have the same needs. For example, someone with disabilities is going to have more needs than a non disabled person. Thus it is true that different human beings have different needs in order to create this individual identity. How can society progress if all human beings are treated the same? Surely it is only because of difference in ideas that human human being have come so far. To treat a hard working person the same as a lazy person seems unjust, their individuality is different and their desires too are different. Treating them the same would not amount to higher levels of liberty. Thus personal liberty does ensure developments in society and the individuals. One of the main objections to Mill’s individuality argument is that there are many situations in which utility may conflict with individual freedom. The idea that utility and conflict can conflict is illustrated by the potential drug addict. If a state prevents an individual from buying an extremely addictive drug, for example heroin, although we take away their individual freedom we are also contributing to their utility, and the utility of others as taking drugs can affect others indirectly. The harm principle is difficult to apply in such a situation, because it implies that only acts that are infringing on the liberty of another person or causing them harm should be stopped. Therefore it can be argued that society needs a source of paternalism. Conservatives argue that Mill has given human beings more rationality than they really possess. Conservatives see human beings as rationally imperfect creatures who need guidance. Mill gives special emphasis to the faculty of reason. For Mill it is reason that enables us to use our liberty effectively and even improve it. Conservatives to argue that there us too much weight given to human reason and not enough emphasis on their other characteristics. Although Mill does mention the importance of desires and impulses he assumes that reason can be the way in which we control them. Human beings ,as imperfect creatures, are driven more by hate, jealousy, sexual desire than they are by reason, if we take these irrational human drives into account, it may be necessary to consider restricting freedom in specific areas that mill would not accept, for example their sexual lives. Without such paternal restraints it can be said that individuals will cause harm to themselves and also to society. Therefore no one benefits from personal liberty, instead people are at a disadvantage from it. An argument is given by Lord Devlin as to why personal development could be dangerous of the moral frameworks of society. Devlin argued against the harm principle and negative freedom in the 1950s, during the time of the Wolfenden report, which argued that the law should not interfere with the private lives of its citizens. However Devlin argued that if the law failed to enforce common moral values, society would begin to disintegrate. To sum up Devlin’s argument, he argued that im order for society to be stable there needs to be a common morality which is public, and not private, it is the governments responsibility to ensure that the welfare of society is looked after, so it is legitimate that governments can pass paternal laws, on the basis of presenting moral values. An example that Devlin uses for his public morality is one of the drunk man. Say a man is to get drunk every night on the private sphere of his own home, it can be argued that as long as the man isn’t harming society he is free to do this. However what if a quarter of the population is getting drunk every night, that will have negative effects on society and peoples individuality. So society should not tolerate practices that conflict with these common moral values. If these common moral values were aimed at preventing harm to others then Mill would agree, however Devlin was someone who disapproved of self actions, for example drunkenness and homosexual activity. He appeals to social utility and the importance of social cohesion as a way to make society a better place. However is Devlin right to say that actions such as homosexuality lead tot he break down of society? Society had now come to accept legally homosexuals, and society has not broken down. Moreover, how are individuals and society’s expected to make moral progress without being allowed to experiment with different practices. Should we really give up the prospect of a developed tolerant society in the name of cohesion, whereby everyone is following one set of rules? To conclude Mill’s account of personal liberty ensures the development of individuals and society, by allowing the truth to come forward and allow individuals to use their own reason to choose their own ways of life. Society is protected from following custom and becoming stagnant, and also becomes more tolerant to absurd ideas. It is also true that personal liberty is needed so that society can progress into greater things. For example it would be easy to regard feminist and gay thighs thinkers as geniuses as they have pioneered some of the more equal and tolerant laws of this day and age.

Race and Ethnicity : the Difference Essay

American society is focused so much on acknowledging differences and creating social divisions and categories, they hardly ever address similarities and possible race equalizers. African Americans along with other races have been categorized due to distinctions in their facial features as well as hair texture and skin tones. The irony of it all is that, America is supposed to be a place of equality and opportunity, yet it is seen to be the total opposite to many of the races who need the equality and opportunities. As an African American male I have been at every angle if racism. I have dealt it out and received it four times fold. Through school, dating and courting, raising children of my own, and simple tasks, like driving to work early in the morning in a rental car, I have seen my share racial and ethical stigmas and stereotypes. From getting pulled over for being the only vehicle on the street at 4 in the morning, to not being able to date a girl I liked a lot because her father’s opinion of me â€Å"seeming† like trouble. And yes all these instances influence my life in many ways, from the way I have raised my children, to the route I take to work, the racially focused incidents affect my everyday life. But why does race or ethnicity matter so much anyways? Why doesn’t class make more of a difference on how a person is judged? When people look at class, they still break it down into racial and ethical categories. Regardless of is I were to be the highest of the upper class, or just in the top of the middle class, I am still thought of as a black male first and then my money taken into consideration depending on the situation. The one time I can recall my money was taken into consideration, it was still in reference to my ethnicity. I was paying a ticket, which my son had received simply because he was in the wrong place at the wrong time. But I was at the courthouse to pay this large ticket, and came with cash in hand. The cashier looked at me with a confused face, so I asked her what she was questioning. She responded, with the same look persisting on her face,† Most people cannot pay this ticket, and usually sit it out. How are you able to afford this?† I did not reply, just simply took my receipt and went on with my day. I few days later, I received another notice saying I had not paid the ticket and a warrant would be issued in the next week if it was not paid. I went back to the courthouse, receipt in hand, and got everything cleared up quickly. They needed more information. They wanted to verify my job and source of income and sorts, just digging into my personal life, wanting to know how I could afford to pay such a ticket for my son. This situation I felt was racially skewed and something I feel would have never happened had I been a white man, never the less had my son been a white young boy. Life throws curve-balls and I understand that I cannot catch them all. I wish there was a way to discern whether they are truly just situational or racial. But regardless of if I could really tell or not, they would still happen and I would still have to deal with them simply. America is so focused on differences, no one is seen as possibly being equal in any measurement and that keeps the country stuck in a mindset. This mindset being: Life not fair. Deal with it.

Government Expenditure essayEssay Writing Service

Government Expenditure essayEssay Writing Service Government Expenditure essay Government Expenditure essayToday, the problem of the high government spending raises the debate over the possible reduction of the government spending that will stimulate the economic growth of the US. However, the government spending tends to increase rather than decrease and this trend is likely to persist. In such a situation, it is important to understand the main items comprising the core of the government spending today.The government expenditure is the subject to the public debate because the government spending is one of the primary concerns in the time of the economic downturn, while cuts in the government spending affect a large part of the population. At the same time, in spite of economic problems and policies conducted by the government, the government spending tends to increase in the US. At this point, it is possible to refer to the article â€Å"What Is Driving Growth in Government Spending?† by Nate Silver, where the author explores the historical change of t he government spending and reveals major trends in the government spending and how it affects the US economy and society.In fact, the author of the article provides the detailed analysis of the development of the government spending and stresses key changes that occur in this field in the US. In this regard, it is worth mentioning key findings of the author. First, the government spending on the defense comprised over 40% as share of GDP and comprised the lion share of the total government spending not only during World War II but also after the war.However, in the course of time, the government spending has shifted toward the higher spending on social welfare programs and entitlement programs. The author places emphasis on the fact the government spending on the entitlement programs comprised the larger part of the total government spending by 2010. At the same time, the author points out that the government debt and interests on the national debt remain low. At first glance, such a trend is paradoxical, because the national debt keeps growing but the author explains the low costs of interests on the national debt for the federal budget by the fact that borrowed money and interest rates are cheap borrowings. Therefore, it is possible to trace three major trends: 1) the cut of spending on defense; 2) the growth of the government spending on entitlement programs; 3) the low costs of interest rates that makes the public debt a cheap instrument to cover the budget deficit.Eventually, Silver arrives to the conclusion that the growing spending on entitlement programs may become too costly for the US government, while Americans will take the government spending on diverse social programs for granted. As a result, Silver compares the federal government to insurance brokers, who takes risks and covers health care and other costs of their clients, who do not even care about them.However, some points made by Silver in the article are debatable/many researchers () disagr ee that the public debt is as attractive as Silver believes. In fact, the public debt is still the costly instrument because the government will have to serve the debt in a long run. As a result, the growth of the public debt will still increase the government spending on interest on the public debt. Many researchers () insist that if the public debt keeps growing, it will become the unbearable burden for the federal budget.At the same time, I believe that the growth of spending on entitlement programs is a very important trend but it is not necessary as negative as Siler believes. To put it more precisely, the government spending on entitlement programs means the funding of health care programs, educational programs and other entitlement programs. If the government cuts abruptly costs spent on these programs, a large part of the population will be unable to cover those costs that may have disastrous effects putting many people on the edge of survival. Moreover, another effect of th e possible cut of the government spending on entitlement programs will be the reduction of revenues of businesses and organizations that rely on the government funding. For example, health care organizations will have to cut their services provided for the population covered by welfare programs sponsored by the government. As a result, the cut of the government spending on entitlement programs may trigger the deterioration of the socioeconomic situation in the US and, more important provoke the large scale social conflict.Thus, the government spending tends to increase today basically due to the growth of entitlement programs. Silver warns that this trend may have negative effects on the US economy and society in a long run. In this regard, the reduction of spending on defense and infrastructure remain almost unnoticed by the author, who considers that such reduction is not significant and disastrous. However, the conclusion of the author that the rise of the government spending on entitlement programs is negative is questionable because, otherwise, i.e. in case of cuts of the government spending on entitlement programs, the US may face the profound socioeconomic crisis.

Take an email break - Emphasis

Take an email break Take an email break Heres one to tell your manager about: taking time out at work to dip into your personal email can be good for employees morale. Research by email provider GMX has found that 69 per cent of UK workers will spend time working through their own inboxes on company time (or at least thats how many admitted to it). And one in three of these people said that these brief breaks actually offered much-needed light relief in the midst of daily responsibilities (they would though, wouldnt they?). Be it exchanging a joke with a friend, sorting out your evening plans or merely a moment of writing in an informal style for a change, youll probably return to the task at hand the fresher for it. While no-one is suggesting that spending hours on end scouring YouTube or throwing virtual sheep at people is a valuable or reasonable use of your workday, reminding yourself that youre not a report-writing automaton (before getting back to writing that report of course) is definitely worth a cheeky five minutes. Happy workers are productive workers, right?

Personal ethics action plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal ethics action plan - Essay Example The individual needs to involve ethics in his day to day operation to provide rational and ethical perspective to any prevailing situation. Leadership Leadership can be comprehended as the method of influencing a group by the individual to accomplish common goals. An individual leader needs to recognize the core values. He also needs to have the audacity to live them throughout the life in the service of common good. This is known as personal leadership. Character ‘Character’ in simpler terms can be comprehended as the numerous actions taken by the individual. The actions are thus taken for the purpose of carrying out the ethics, moral as well as values. It is to state that character may not be reflected in what is said by a person or in his intention to do something. It is reflected in what the individual does. Service Service can be explained as the action taken by a person for the purpose of helping someone. There is close relation between the service as well as leade rship. A leader is supposed to delegate the task to his followers and is also accountable for performing many other services. However, he also needs to assure that his followers are completing the task in an ethical manner for achieving the common goal of the organization. Section 2 Fraud Fraud is an ethical issue that impacts the success of the organizations as well as the leaders. The ethical decision is made when a person tends to recognize that a certain context has ethical components. One needs to develop ethical-issue awareness for the purpose of understanding the business ethics. It is the conflicts that give rise to the ethical issues. The conflicts may arise among the individuals’ personal moral ideologies as well as values, the values along with the culture in which they work in the organization and the society in which they live. It is to state that the ethical issues are problems, opportunities or situations requiring the individual, organization and the group to select among numerous actions that need to be assessed as right or incorrect along with ethical and unethical. It can be stated that if an individual involving himself in any kind of misleading and deceiving practices for the purpose of advancing his interest over those of the organization, then it that case they are charged of fraud. Fraud can be understood as the deliberate communication deceiving, concealing and manipulating the fact related to the organization for the purpose of creating a false notion. It is treated as a crime and thus a person fetched with it can be penalized such as imprisonment, fines or it may at times lead to both depending upon the severity of the case. The most common form of frauds as reported by the coworkers are shoplifting or stealing of the office supplies. It has been noted that in the modern times accounting fraud is more pronounced, and thus it has been an ethical issue. However, frauds are not limited to accounting. In the recent times, fraud ha s also been related to the consumers as well as marketing issues. Accounting fraud is becoming one of the serious issues in the corporate houses. It is the financial report of the corporation that helps the investors as well as the other related parties to make informed judgment regarding their deals. If this report or document is full

Managing Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Organizations - Essay Example Modern people differ much from the people of the previous century in terms of their goals, methods of their reaching, communication, ambitions, etc. Managing people now is not an easy task thus it needs new approaches. Thus, managers of the modern companies are looking for the new ways of employee motivation. Freedom for action is an essential factor to consider. Actually, when we hear about the organization, where employees make decisions themselves, we usually can’t believe that, because a great number of successful companies are hierarchical bureaucracies (Microsoft, Apple etc.). It seems impossible also for many managers to provide staff with opportunities to set the goals for the company instead of them and to realize these goals without being controlled and thoroughly supervised. Also we all know the conclusion made by Max Weber: bureaucratic organizations are the most successful players on the stage of the market economy. However, modern experts admit that Weber’ s conclusion can’t be considered fully grounded as the famous sociologist may not know some important facts on bureaucracies. Modern investigations show that workplace stress prevents people from high performance. Working in the conditions of hierarchical bureaucracy, people are able to realize only 60% of their potential. Thus, it is essential to look for alternatives. Moreover, as it was mentioned above, modern people often refuse to work in the atmosphere of dictate, when they should only fulfill somebody’s orders and do not have an opportunity to express their own opinion. Such working conditions prevent people from the realization of their creative potential and it is obvious that such realization would contribute to company’s success. New ways of managing people should be found by modern supervisors. Recent studies held showed that there are some companies who successfully practice freedom of employees’ action. Their success is built on the principl es of liberating leadership listed below. Liberating leader is a one who: listens to employees’ propositions instead of imposing his own views; openly shares his views on successful organizational performance in order not to make employees confused; does not motivate employees to give them an opportunity to motivate themselves; plays the role of â€Å"culture-keeper†. Actually, the behavior of workers in the organization is determined by the number of factors, external and internal. These factors contribute to organization performance in freedom action conditions. Among the internal factors is first of all trust in leadership. Leadership plays an essential role in any type of organization, no matter if it is freedom company or hierarchical bureaucracy. Workers of any organization usually tend to mirror the work of leadership and the supervision should be implemented in the way so that employees may feel its support but not a dictate. The second important internal facto r is organizational culture. The atmosphere in the company should be friendly and positive, work schedule should be flexible. The external factors also mean much, for example, it is interesting to cooperate and communicate with another companies in the market. â€Å"Research findings show that collaboration with other firms and with customers can be a significant source of product

Erasmus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Erasmus - Essay Example In order to meet his financial obligation he started working as a tutor and later in 1499 he went on a tour to Europe where he made friends who were with him throughout his life. Later he went to Italy where he obtained his doctorate in the subject of theology. After Italy, he returned to England where he was appointed as Price Charles’ adviser and started living an independent life (Nauert 1). From here on his life experienced immense controversies as he created a revised version of the New Testament and his work recognized as the Discourse of Free Will was even welcomed with heavy criticism. After his death all he works was stored in an area which was not allowed to be accessed by others. Throughout his life he developed various pieces of literature and these pieces of literature were based on different subject including philosophy of education, politics, language and cynicism. The most important works of Erasmus includes the literature pieces of The Method Of Study, The Education of Children as well as the Method of True Theology (Rummel 24). These pieces of literature exhibited his philosophy regarding education. His literature recognized as The Education of A Christian Price is work that has been dedicated to his thoughts regarding politics (Erasmus(a) VIII). Another piece of his work called the On The Abundance Of Style is a pure depiction of his thoughts regarding language (Rhetoric.byu.edu 1). Erasmus’ educational philosophy contradicted with the educational philosophy that was been followed during his era. He believed that more focus needed to be provided to subjects including history language as well as philosophy of morals and at that time the focus was more on logic. He believed that education should not simply focus on helping students develop certain necessary skills and their intellectual ability (Erasmus.vic.edu.au 1). He believed that education should even promote civility and morals. He believed that education is a way through which human

Analysis of Islamic Banking in the UK

Analysis of Islamic Banking in the UK This research plan will be a hub of attention to inspect the opportunities of progress and growth as well as the major challenges to Islamic banking in the UK. The UK is the hub of Islamic banking and contains importance in Islamic financial sector due to its fast growing Muslim population. Islamic banking is facing some great challenges in the UK because the financial system is more favourable to conventional banking. There are greater opportunities in the UK for development and growth of Islamic financial system because Muslim community is eager to take financial products and they are willing to spend their lives according to their religion. There is need to educate the Muslim community toward Islamic financial products; service providers need to improve the information system within the communities and Islamic banking institution is need to work hard for survival and compete with conventional banking system in the sector of regulations and supervisions. The keywords in this resear ch are Islamic banking, Islamic finance, Muslim population, Muslim scholars, Islamic banking growth in the UK and Islamic banking challenges. 2.0 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE According to the figures of Office for National Statistics 2001, there was 1.6 million (2.8%) Muslims living in the United Kingdom but according to Home Secretary the Muslim population is increasing with high growth rate. In just seven years there is an increase of 40,000 Muslims in the UK and figures reached on 2 million which consist of 3.3% of total UK population. There was no any facility available to Muslim community before 2000 but the Muslim population want to spend their lives according to their faith. According to Islamic teaching interest is strongly prohibited in Islam and they want to take banking services such as saving accounts, current accounts, home finances, insurance and loan according to Islamic Shariah law. The United Kingdom is non-Muslim country and all its financial rules and regulation in favour of conventional banking. Because the Muslim community is active part of the UK economy, there was need to start a system which is acceptable to these people. Islamic b anking is started in the UK in 2003 with authorization of Financial services Authority. From 2003 to 2009 there is enough improvement and development in Islamic banking system. Currently two main high street conventional banks and one wholly Islamic bank are involved in Islamic banking services. But Islamic banking institution is still in the growth and infancy stage and Islamic banking is facing different challenges in this Western society such as socially, economically, fund management and regulations. With increasing popularity of Islamic banking in Western countries especially in the UK there are some difficulties in the way of Islamic Shariah law, Islamic banking system as well as the role of Financial Services Authority and UK Government are the critical issues. It is necessary to find out the opportunities for development and growth of Islamic banking in the UK and major challenges are faced by Islamic banking. 3.0 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this proposal is to find out the opportunities for development and growth of Islamic banking in UK and challenges which are currently faced by Islamic banking in the world and United Kingdom specially. The main objective of this research proposal is to investigate the basic understanding of Islamic banking in community and in  banking sector because without basic understanding it is difficult to develop this financial  system, whether there is any opportunity for growth and development in the UK and which kind of challenges is faced by Islamic banking. The objectives of the research proposal are to: Examine that how important to know the fundamentals for Islamic banking for Muslim community and service providers. Investigate that do Muslims really believe and know the difference between Islamic banking and conventional banking and what are the factors which make Islamic banking prior to conventional for Muslim community. How important in Sha riah law and its practise for Islamic finance and the role of Islamic scholars in promoting Islamic banking services and products. 4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Literature review illustrates the concept, scope and principles of Islamic banking around the globe in general and specifically in the United Kingdom. Islamic banking is a universal concept in the conventional banking, which is in practice with its many products in most of high street banks in the UK like HSBC, Lloyd TSB and as well Islamic Bank of Britain. 5.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY There are two main research paradigms positivistic and phenomenological. It is possible that different authors may use the alternative terms for these main paradigms in different time. The most commonly and alternatively used the terms are quantitative research method for positivistic and qualitative for phenomenological (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The originally the positivistic paradigm was developed in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena and it is confirmatory and deductive in nature. The phenomenological paradigm was developed in the social sciences to facilitate the researchers to research and analyze social and cultural phenomena and this approach is exploratory and inductive in nature (www.socialresearchmethods). The paradigm is very important because it gives you a right path to use the right methodology. According to Collis and Hussy (2003 p.55) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Regardless of which paradigm you are employing, it is important that you pay attention to all the featur es, and ensure that there are no contradictions or deficiencies in your methodologyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The paradigm of this research is phenomenological because it tends to produce qualitative data not quantitative. The quantitative research is objective in nature that involves analysis of numerical data by applying statistical tests (Collis and Hussey, 2003). But the qualitative research is much more subjective in nature, concerned with generating theories and can be generalized in understanding of the phenomenon of challenges and opportunities of Islamic banking in UK. 6.0 RESEARCH PURPOSE Islamic banking is a hot topic in western countries especially in the UK. In the UK almost 2 million Muslims community is living and they want to spend their lives according to their religion (www.guardian.co.uk). This community is well contributing to the economy of the UK due to this the UK government gives more importance in the sector of Islamic banking. Nowadays the UK is the hub of Islamic banking and most of the high street banks providing the services of Islamic window. Due to this growing demand, Islamic banking faces some difficulties and challenges in western countries. The purpose of the study is to examine and analyze the growth and opportunities of Islamic banking in the UK.   7.0 RESEARCH METHOD For this research project, I chose to undertake qualitative research method. The qualitative method is a type of research that emphasizes the quality of meaning in consumer perceptions and behaviours; there are different criteria or techniques can be used in qualitative method such as in-depth interviews and focus groups. The most common qualitative research techniques include: In-depth interview Focus group Case study Direct observation   7.1 Reason for choosing In-depth interview: I chose in-depth interview technique for my qualitative research due to its unique advantages over other techniques such as focus group and questionnaires. In the way of in-depth interviews it is easy to speak to an individual and keep his attention on specific topic comparatively it is difficult in focus group interviews. There is a lot of time saving and reducing the hassles to take an appointment from individual. The main advantage of in-depth interview is that the interviews can be easily conducted with key community leaders through that researcher can get a fast overview of a community according to his requirements. 7.2 Sources of data: 7.2.1 Primary data: This research is based on a study of the UK because growing population of Muslims community is playing positive role for the UK economy. Actually most of the Muslims want to spend their lives according to their faith. In this case study it will be examined that what are the problems and opportunities in the UK for Islamic banking. I will use the qualitative method of research in this project. There are different techniques of qualitative method but according to the situation the in-depth interviews is more suitable form for this project. According to Collis and Hussey (2003) in phenomenological approach the interview questions are unstructured or semi- structured in pattern not closed questions like positivistic approach. The plan is that the researcher will prepare semi-structured questions that are helpful to take maximum information from interviewees because in closed questions it is possible that some important information will be ignored. In semi-structured interviews the resear cher has an opportunity to probe various areas and to raise specific queries during the semi-structured interviews. 7.3 Data collection methods: For the collection of primary data I shall use technique of in-depth interview. The plan is to hold the eight in-depth interviews from different sectors of the society. The researcher will hold four interviews from the banks authorities such as HSBC, Lloyd TSB and Islamic Bank of Britain that will give the clear facts and figures about the growth, opportunities and problems related to Islamic banking with reference to shariah compliance and Governmental authorities. Two with such Muslims who already customer of the Islamic banking which will facilitate the research through providing the information why they did take up Islamic banking, advantages and disadvantages of this system and as well about the scope of Islamic banking in UK. Two with such Muslims that are not using Islamic banking product which will helpful to investigate why they have not taken the Islamic banking product and which factors are stopping them from these services that are according to their faith. My plan is to speak to non-Muslims that are using the Islamic banking products that will provide the best information for the growth and strong fundamentals of Islamic banking. The planned is to conduct these interviews through sending letters to banking authorities and emails to customer services department of the perspective banks to arrange an appointment. To take interviews from customers and non-customers of the Islamic banking the interviewer will use the posters advertisement in the mosques and libraries in that area where the Muslims are living in majority. The interviews will be recorded using the voice recorder with the permission of the interviewees. If the voice recorder is not possible then the interviewer will take notes which will be summarized with full detail and also these notes will be available on demand for further investigation. 8.0 Research limitations: This research was proposed to be conducted in a very short span of 8 weeks, which forced the researchers to curtail the research from expanding in to a wider spectrum. According to the proposed planned of seven interviews it is possible that there should be some hurdle to get all information from customers of Islamic banking. In the course of research if the researcher will feel to get more widely information about the growth of Islamic banking then mini open ended questionnaires will be conducted. As the research was a part of student project there where huge limitations on financial resources. Lack of financial backup congests the team, which in turn curbed the research team from dilating the research. Conclusion: The purpose of research is to find out opportunities of growth and development as well the main challenges to Islamic banking in the United Kingdom. The primary data which was collected through in-depth interviews is to match with the different opinions of the community members about the scope and future of Islamic banking in the UK. The outcomes and results of these in-depth interviews are matched with aims and objectives of the research.